Investing & returns

Investment math for planning — not personalized financial advice: ROI, CAGR, compound interest, stock profit and loss, dividend yield, Rule of 72 doubling time, dollar-cost averaging scenarios, inflation-adjusted returns, and portfolio rebalancing drift. Enter your assumptions; compare outcomes before talking to a licensed advisor about real allocations.

Every tool in this section assumes a fixed rate of return, and real markets never deliver one. That assumption is useful for comparing scenarios against each other, and misleading if read as a forecast — the same average return arriving in a different order produces very different outcomes, particularly once you are withdrawing rather than contributing. Two adjustments make the output more honest. Run the calculation at several return rates rather than one, so you see a range instead of a false point estimate. Then check the inflation-adjusted view, because a nominal balance decades out overstates what the money will actually buy. Nothing here accounts for taxes, fund fees, or trading costs, all of which compound against you.