Freight Density Calculator
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Density (lb/ft³) = total weight ÷ total volume — plus an estimated NMFC freight class from density bands.
Weight & volume
Freight density
25 lb/ft³
Estimated class 65 · 500 lb over 20 ft³
- Estimated NMFC class
- Class 65
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Why freight density matters
Freight density is total shipment weight divided by total volume in cubic feet, expressed as pounds per cubic foot. Less-than-truckload (LTL) carriers use density as the primary factor in assigning an NMFC (National Motor Freight Classification) freight class, which in turn drives your shipping rate.
Denser freight (like machinery or palletized boxes) generally ships more cheaply per pound than low-density freight (like foam, furniture, or empty-looking boxes), because low-density shipments take up truck space that could carry heavier cargo. Measuring total shipment volume accurately — including pallet height — is essential for a correct density figure.
Example: a pallet weighing 500 lb with a total volume of 20 cubic feet has a density of 25 lb/ft³ (500 ÷ 20) — a mid-range density that typically falls into a lower-cost freight class than bulkier, lighter freight.
Common questions
What is freight density used for?
LTL (less-than-truckload) carriers use density as the main input for determining NMFC freight class, which sets your shipping rate. Higher density generally means a lower class and lower cost per pound.
How do I measure total volume for a pallet shipment?
Measure the full footprint and height of the loaded pallet (including any overhang or stacked boxes), convert to cubic feet, then divide total weight by that volume.
Is the freight class shown official?
No — class is estimated from density alone. Official NMFC classification depends on the commodity item number, handling, and liability — confirm with your carrier.
What happens if I use the wrong freight class?
Carriers can inspect freight and reclassify it, often resulting in a rebill at a higher class and rate. Use an accurate NMFC item number on the bill of lading.